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White, British, poor...and underachieving at school

School HandsThe Oli De Botton Education Column

It made for uncomfortable reading. GCSE results, analysed in detail by the DCSF this week, confirmed what many teachers have been feeling for ages. Children who are white, British and poor are falling behind. This despite the fact that all other groups appear to be improving.

The problem this poses for progressives is two fold: first, there is the damage that an achievement gap determined by wealth can do to social mobility, but second - and perhaps more urgently - there is the potential that these poor outcomes could feed into a broad and corrosive narrative about Britishness and class.

Teachers in tough schools come into contact with this narrative quite often. When I was in the classroom it came up when discussing pupil progress with parents. The conversations would often turn into a debate about entitlement (and sometimes race). I was told, on more than one occasion, that behaviour and achievement would be better if I had spent less time with ‘immigrants’ and more time with their son. Now this may be simply anecdotal, but it was not surprising that the BNP were actively recruiting in the area and exploiting these feelings.

The stakes in this are high and there are no easy answers. We have tried stricter discipline, personalised learning, better training for heads and community engagement – all with varying degrees of success. And of course some schools do better than others with white British boys.

But one potential (and perhaps obvious) answer might come from the power of the role model. A study last year from the University of Manchester highlighted that where achievement for white working class boys was best, headteachers shared that background or had a deep commitment to the issues of white working class communities.

This is not to say that middle-class teachers can’t make a difference, but rather that the values of solidarity that hold together the Labour movement may be the same ones that can improve achievement for white working class boys in school.

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Posted on Dec 18, 2009 at 12:13pm


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You would be hard pushed to find a better summary of the problem of educational underachievement by poor whites (boys and girls) than the adjournment debate instigated by Richard Burden MP for Birmingham Northfield in May 2009. (google white underachievement and hansard)It drew heavily on one of my reports (google white underachievement and karamat iqbal)

The issue is waiting to be championed by progressives. As I have said elsewhere, the real problem with white underachievement is that no one gives a damn at least amongst polite society. The only people who speak about this are extremists and who can be dismissed for being racist.

We desperately need to develop a vocabulary for this area and unashamedly start a national conversation, just as we have done on other areas of inequality ie race, gender
karamat iqbal @ 34 weeks ago
There has been a progressive agenda in this country for 13 years (what the hel does it mean anyway)

And you know what - they havn't cared yet - but hold on! an election is coming! Time to re-kindle, re-connect, and re-visit. Mmmmmm now what votes can I squeeze out of this?
Alan M @ 34 weeks ago
I agree, i came from a poor background i acheived because i wanted to, my parents were supportive,i have a degree went to a secondary modern school in the 60s, most of my friends went to grammar school,they also did well,over the years education has been dumbed down so much it a disgrace,i have seen some of the mulitiple choice papers ,its no wonder kids today are not too worldly and some literacy leaves a lot to be desired,im not envious of people who went to public school ,my friends are a mix of state and public and there are no barriers between us,its all in the mind of politicians, many of whom went to public school,[no hypocracy there then].having both systems adds flavour to our society,stop this stupid envy business, get over that, society will always be made up of different groups,trying to lump us all together is a mistake.
martin lewis @ 36 weeks and 5 days ago
After all these years and all that money spent this. We have failed the children of this country. This really is a crime and i blame the loony left tendancy in Labour.
Rob Bee @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
For all the investment in the "special interest groups" and the "dispossessed" and the "disadvantaged", Labour has positively discriminated on gender and race.

Poverty is not so discriminating.

Talent and ability should be the only discriminator. Stretch the smartest and encourage those that are not to excel just as much.

Labour should hang its heads in total shame.
a b @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
@ Mike Thomas IMHO, I would suggest: 'Despite all the investment by Labour, social and economic differentiation and differential educational achievements by social group have increased during the last thirty years.' The social gains of the 1960s were irreversibly destroyed by the Thatcher years, during which the privileged established a self-perpetuating plutocracy. To some extent, New Labour has been complicit in the perpetuation of this privilege, despite attempts to increase access to education. I'm sure you will disagree, of course, but the perceptions which have been advanced here cannot be left unchallenged.
Dave Postles @ 34 weeks ago
Let me whisper this:
"Progressive" is not what the Unions and the labour wonks are on about. They are utterly reactionary. What they want is the current war zone of the Comprehensives. Ours looks like HMP Whitemoor. Does yours? Oh, Sorry, your kids go to Public School or else to the posh area Comp, don't they? And, of course, they are so religious that they flood into the Church Schools as they read Dawkins.
Chavs? UGH!!!!!
Mike Stallard @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
The title says it all, they are NOT of ethnic minorities, they are not immigrants, they are NOT gay or transgender, in fact they do not fit into any of the specialist based interest groups, there is no political capital to be made, there is no lobbying to be done or battles to be fought.

Why should labour bother? It hasn't yet!
Alan M @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
From the Manchester report:
"family income and status are by far the most significant correlates of success in the school system. Although gender is also an independent and significant factor, the social class attainment gap at age 16 is three times as wide as the gender gap."

This would be surprising only if intelligence was not hereditable. It is. Intelligent people statistically have intelligent parents and so are largely born into, or rise to become, higher income and status households. They then have intelligent children and the distillation process continues. Genetics trumps political dogma.
Bill Lockhart @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Hi Bill,

As the working class son of working class parents who ended up in a class of middle class kids, and since gone on to get the better exam grades and job I can only say your argument is utter tosh.

The connection between working class kids performance and their parents today is the attitude instilled in the children that there is no point in trying at school. I was lucky, it wasn't always this way. I imagine it still isn't for a lot.

Your genetics argument is further quashed by the undoubted genius possessed by the hyper intellect of the whole Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/Windsor troop.

Middle class kids generally do better because their parents do value learning and the opportunities it provides.

John Prescott may be semi-evolved but it doesn't mean everybody else is.
Thomas Fairfax @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Thomas: if you can find some research which shows that intelligence is not heritable but randomly distributed throughout the population, please provide a link to it. Here's one for you:
http://www.galtoninstitute.org.uk/Newsletters/GINL9503/heritability_of_intelligence.htm

Your experience confirms rather than disproves my proposition-you "got the better job"
Your example of the Royal familty is amusing but hardly statistically significant.
Bill Lockhart @ 36 weeks and 5 days ago
Hi Bill,
I've no doubt some inheritable attributes may be involved.

But I do completely disagree with treating it as the only possibility, or even the major factor when one considers that there's been of the order of less than 30 generations since say the that great societal leveller, the Black Death. Evolution takes a bit longer to give truly measureable results. Unless you're an aristocrat you're descended from a peasant/serf.

The middle class in most countries is expanding, because those of a lower class are moving into that one.

The paper you refer to accepts it's not just heritable, and also mentions that all evidence of the experiments to indicate the heritable effect is lost. So the conclusion at the end of it smacks of someone wanting evidence to support their theory.

In any case, children of famous scientists aren't often famous scientists.

I know Guy M has a high opinion of himself, but lets not feed his ego that he is some kind of genetically enhanced super man.

The point I was making that there has to be a reason for people wanting to learn, and being too comfortably off and knowing it isn't necessary, is just as much an impediment as thinking it will never help.
Thomas Fairfax @ 36 weeks and 5 days ago
Bill
Well we know the life on benefits and sink estates are basically breeding a class of unemployable yobs with no respect for law and order . And with a much reduced lifespan. _ see Central Glasgow average of 54 years.


Pity the article never mentions that.
Well wot a surprise...
michael walker @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Mass immigration and the removal of discipline are the two major factors that have impacted on the white working class kids.
Phillip Wells @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
"I was told, on more than one occasion, that behaviour and achievement would be better if I had spent less time with ‘immigrants’ and more time with their son."

And what was your reply?
Bill Lockhart @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
"This is not to say that middle-class teachers can’t make a difference, but rather that the values of solidarity that hold together the Labour movement may be the same ones that can improve achievement for white working class boys in school."

So I can make the converse argument that the values that make the middle classes what they are are the same ones that achieve academic success for boys and girls in predominantly middle class schools?

I actually believe that to be true, that there are distinctive traits and ethos that are markedly different between middle and working classes. Amazing though that Labour might admit to that and even have someone put forward the argument that social class "solidarity" has relevance.

Does this also mean by extension that being around children of the same value has an effect? The logic of your argument would seem to indicate that is the case. If so then it reaffirms most middle class parents view that they want their children mixing with and educated with other middle class children.

This is your problem, you can’t open this up with a line of argument like you have without the argument from the other side of the coin gaining validation as well.

All in all thank you.
Guy M @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Michael - The bit you're looking for is here:

"They showed a profound respect for the people and areas they were working with and had often deliberately chosen to work with these types of communities. Several came from low income backgrounds themselves. They were sensitive to the emotional state of their pupils and colleagues and, as a result, were deeply admired across the staff and student body."

Though quite how he managed to warp 'several' into implying 'all' is beyond me. Perhaps he went to the Gordon Brown school of Communication?
Johan Collet @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Johan
Thanks for that. It would appear the education system is failing to teach LL writers to count..or maybe "Oli de Botton is a former assistant head teacher at a challenging London comprehensive " says it all.

michael walker @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Is it any wonder that some of their parents want to blame someone by voting BNP? We wont get rid of the BNP until we fix the bona fide grievances of white working class families who feel left behind. Education be the #1 example.
james bethell @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
I have just read the Manchester report.

I fail to see "where achievement for white working class boys was best, headteachers shared that background or had a deep commitment to the issues of white working class communities."

Indeed the report said "They found there that the successful leaders were dogged in their pursuit of the most effective staff, versatile in their use of budgets and concerned about the effects of the move from primary to secondary school, when many pupils lose ground. They were also acutely aware of the effect of local re-organisation of schools on their students and the report recommends that local authorities take into account the impact on the most disadvantaged students, whenever a change in local provision is considered.

No wonder poor white boys are doing badly when a simple report whose conclusions are quite straightforwardly sated can be so misconstrued and incorrectly presented.

And you wonder why education is a shambles for these kids?
I don't.
michael walker @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
One of the issues is that we are losing role models yes but we have also lost the ability to communicate what is acceptable behaviour; what is possible in terms of social mobility and that the good of society as a whole is at stake.

Some argue that the family provides the guidance, I dont think its the family but culture. In the USA you have the American way. In the UK we need a "this is the British way". Everyone would benefit from this. This is a way of bringing people together instead of dividing people like the fascists. The more we divide the greater the scope for conflict.
john smith WB @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
I really can't conceive of a more divided society than the current USA, politically, socially and economically. I have seen the depths of poverty and despair in Baltimore and San Francisco a few years back, before I stopped taking flights. Since then, the position has deteriorated. The Republicans and the liberal Democrats are miles apart, the Dems the subject of vitriolic and vituperative attacks from the Reps, in particular against Obama. Once, I was an admirer of the enthusiasm and initiative in the US, but not now - it's truly repulsive there.
Dave Postles @ 34 weeks ago
@John,

That is why the people must be involved in a Constitutional action. It would be an opportunity for them to define what is right and unacceptable in politics (to an extent) and to realise their own identity and values. They can share these with each other and the rest of this country.
Ralph Baldwin @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
Hi Labourlist

The problem i find is the lack of young children that cant speak english , When i was at school in Barking the class was mainly white and english (mid 80s ) Now when you see a class sometimes there are only a few white kids and the others dont speak english as there first laungue , so more time is spent on helping them learn english and the white children can be forgotton and then fall behind and become disintrested.

Danny
ricki lake @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
"We have tried stricter discipline"

Ha Ha are you for real?
wycombe wanderer @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
"but rather that the values of solidarity that hold together the Labour movement"

Don't you mean "held together" - I don't see any signs that nu-labour people are interested in working class people, well beyond employing them as cleaners?

charles Knight @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago
'-well beyond employing them as cleaners?'

especially if their immigrant status is questionable
david cheeseman @ 36 weeks and 6 days ago